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Existentialism
Albert Camus (1913 - 1960)
Neither victims nor executioners
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Art
does not tolerate reason |
Yes, we must raise our voices. Up to this point, I have refrained
from
appealing to emotion. We are being torn apart by a logic of
history which
we have elaborated in every detail--a net which threatens to
strangle us.
It is not emotion which can cut through the web of a logic which
has
gone to irrational lengths, but only reason which can meet logic
on its
own ground. But I should not want to leave the impression...
that any
program for the future can get along without our powers of love
and
indignation. I am well aware that it takes a powerful prime
mover to get
men into motion and that it is hard to throw one's self into
a struggle
whose objectives are so modest and where hope has only a rational
basis--
and hardly even that. But the problem is not how to carry men
away; it is
essential, on the contrary, that they not be carried away but
rather that
they be made to understand clearly what they are doing.
To save what can be saved so as to open up some kind of future--that
is
the prime mover, the passion and the sacrifice that is required.
It
demands only that we reflect and then decide, clearly, whether
humanity's
lot must be made still more miserable in order to achieve far-off
and
shadowy ends, whether we should accept a world bristling with
arms where
brother kills brother; or whether, on the contrary, we should
avoid
bloodshed and misery as much as possible so that we give a chance
for
survival to later generations better equipped than we are.
For my part, I am fairly sure that I have made the choice. And,
having
chosen, I think that I must speak out, that I must state that
I will
never again be one of those, whoever they be, who compromise
with murder,
and that I must take the consequences of such a decision. The
thing is
done, and that is as far as I can go at present.... However,
I want to
make clear the spirit in which this article is written.
We are asked to love or to hate such and such a country and
such and
such a people. But some of us feel too strongly our common humanity
to
make such a choice. Those who really love the Russian people,
in
gratitude for what they have never ceased to be--that world
leaven which
Tolstoy and Gorky speak of--do not wish for them success in
power politics,
but rather want to spare them, after the ordeals of the past,
a new and
even more terrible bloodletting. So, too, with the American
people, and
with the peoples of unhappy Europe. This is the kind of elementary
truth
we are likely to forget amidst the furious passions of our time.
Yes, it is fear and silence and the spiritual isolation they
cause that
must be fought today. And it is sociability and the universal
inter-
communication of men that must be defended. Slavery, injustice,
and lies
destroy this intercourse and forbid this sociability; and so
we must
reject them. But these evils are today the very stuff of history,
so
that many consider them necessary evils. It is true that we
cannot
"escape history," since we are in it up to our necks. But one
may propose
to fight within history to preserve from history that part of
man which
is not its proper province. That is all I have to say here.
The "point"
of this article may be summed up as follows:
Modern nations are driven by powerful forces along the roads
of power
and domination. I will not say that these forces should be furthered
or that they should be obstructed. They hardly need our help
and, for
the moment, they laugh at attempts to hinder them. They will,
then,
continue. But I will ask only this simple question: What if
these
forces wind up in a dead end, what if that logic of history
on which
so many now rely turns out to be a will o' the wisp? What if,
despite
two or three world wars, despite the sacrifice of several generations
and a whole system of values, our grandchildren--supposing they
survive--
find themselves no closer to a world society? It may well be
that the
survivors of such an experience will be too weak to understand
their
own sufferings. Since these forces are working themselves out
and since
it is inevitable that they continue to do so,there is no reason
why
some of us should not take on the job of keeping alive, through
the
apocalyptic historical vista that stretches before us, a modest
thoughtfulness which, without pretending to solve everything,
will
constantly be prepared to give some human meaning to everyday
life.
The essential thing is that people should carefully weight the
price
they must pay....
All I ask is that, in the midst of a murderous world, we agree
to reflect
on murder and to make a choice. After that, we can distinguish
those
who accept the consequences of being murderers themselves or
the
accomplices of murderers, and those who refuse to do so with
all their
force and being. Since this terrible dividing line does actually
exist,
it will be a gain if it be clearly marked. Over the expanse
of five
continents throughout the coming years an endless strugle is
going to
be pursued between violence and friendly persuasion, a struggle
in
which, granted, the former has a thousand times the chances
of success
than that of the latter. But I have always held that, if he
who bases his
hopes on human nature is a fool, he who gives up in the face
of circum-
stances is a coward. And henceforth, the only honorable course
will be
to stake everything on a formidable gamble: that words are more
powerful
than munitions.
Ce
qu'on fait n'est jamais compris mais seulement loué ou blâmé.
Nietzsche, Gay Science |
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